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2014–15 Venezuelan protests
In 2014, a series of protests, political demonstrations, and civil insurrection began in Venezuela due to the country's high levels of urban violence, inflation, and chronic shortages of basic goods attributed to economic policies such as strict price controls.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Inflation rate (consumer prices) )〕 While protests occurred in January 2014, after the murder of actress and former Miss Venezuela Monica Spear, mass protesting began in earnest that February following the attempted rape of a student on a university campus in San Cristobal. Subsequent arrests of student protestors spurred their expansion to neighboring cities and the involvement of opposition leaders.〔〔(BBC News - San Cristobal: The birthplace of Venezuela's protests )〕 The year's early months were characterized by large demonstrations and violent clashes between protestors and government forces that resulted in over 3,000 arrests and 43 deaths,〔〔〔 including both supporters and opponents of the government.〔"A total of 42 people, both supporters and opponents of the government, have died in the protest-related violence which followed." ("Venezuela: Leopoldo Lopez must stand trial, judge rules" ) by BBC News.〕 Toward the end of 2014, and into 2015, continued shortages and low oil prices caused renewed protesting.
The majority of protests have been peaceful, consisting of demonstrations, sit-ins, and hunger strikes, with an estimated 52% of protests in opposition to the government and smaller numbers in support of various economic and social policy changes.〔 However, small groups of protestors have been responsible for attacks on public property, such as government buildings and public transportation. Erecting improvised street barricades, dubbed ''guarimbas'', has been the most common form of protest, although their use is controversial.〔 Publications like ''The New York Times'' have observed that the protests have exposed a class divide in Venezuela, as the protests have primarily occurred in wealthier urban areas with limited participation from the working-class, despite lower-income areas being hit especially hard by the country's economic struggles.〔
Nicolas Maduro's government characterized the protests as an undemocratic coup d'etat attempt〔 orchestrated by "fascist" opposition leaders and the United States;〔 he blames capitalism and speculation for causing high inflation rates and goods scarcities as part of an "economic war" being waged on his government.〔Nicolas Maduro. April 1, 2014. (Venezuela: A Call for Peace ). ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved: 3 April 2014.〕 Although Maduro, a former trade union leader, says he supports peaceful protesting, the Venezuelan government has been widely condemned for its handling of the protests. Venezuelan authorities have reportedly gone beyond the use of rubber pellets and tear gas to instances of live ammunition use and torture of arrested protestors, according to organizations like Amnesty International〔 and Human Rights Watch,〔 while the United Nations〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49120#.VEc4WZPF8Q5 )〕 has accused the Venezuelan government of politically-motivated arrests, most notably former Chacao mayor and leader of Popular Will, Leopoldo Lopez, who has used the controversial charges of murder and inciting violence against him to protest the government's "criminalization of dissent." Other controversies reported during the protests include media censorship and violence by pro-government militant groups known as ''colectivos''.
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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